In this article, we first examine age-specific patterns of
daily smoking initiation from age 13–21 using prospective
longitudinal data. We then study the effects of family poverty,
family smoking (parent and sibling), family processes
(monitoring and rules, discipline practices, family conflict,
and family bonding), parental attitudes toward smoking, and
parental involvement of the youth in their own smoking
activities on the risk of daily smoking initiation.
The present study makes several unique contributions to
the literature on adolescent smoking. It examines the onset
of daily smoking rather than experimental or occasional
smoking. It models daily smoking dynamically across a
broad age range (13 to 21 years) with high sample retention.
In addition to family smoking behavior, it examines other
familial influences including family poverty, family monitoring,
consistent discipline, family involvement, family bonding, parental attitude/norms toward smoking, and parent
involvement of the child in family members’ smoking.
The study used a racially diverse urban sample of which
about half are from low-income households, which is useful
for studying tobacco smoking because youths from lowincome
families are most likely to initiate smoking during
adolescence. It examines the zero-order relationship to adolescent
daily smoking for each predictor to determine its
overall importance, as well as its unique effect independent
of other predictors. It examines gender differences in the
effects of family factors on the initiation of daily smoking.
Finally, the study examines these factors dynamically as
time-varying predictors to determine whether the impact of
these family processes varies over time during adolescence.
In this article, we first examine age-specific patterns ofdaily smoking initiation from age 13–21 using prospectivelongitudinal data. We then study the effects of family poverty,family smoking (parent and sibling), family processes(monitoring and rules, discipline practices, family conflict,and family bonding), parental attitudes toward smoking, andparental involvement of the youth in their own smokingactivities on the risk of daily smoking initiation.The present study makes several unique contributions tothe literature on adolescent smoking. It examines the onsetof daily smoking rather than experimental or occasionalsmoking. It models daily smoking dynamically across abroad age range (13 to 21 years) with high sample retention.In addition to family smoking behavior, it examines otherfamilial influences including family poverty, family monitoring,consistent discipline, family involvement, family bonding, parental attitude/norms toward smoking, and parentinvolvement of the child in family members’ smoking.The study used a racially diverse urban sample of whichabout half are from low-income households, which is usefulfor studying tobacco smoking because youths from lowincomefamilies are most likely to initiate smoking duringadolescence. It examines the zero-order relationship to adolescentdaily smoking for each predictor to determine itsoverall importance, as well as its unique effect independentของ predictors อื่น ๆ มันตรวจสอบความแตกต่างของเพศในการลักษณะพิเศษของครอบครัวปัจจัยในการเริ่มต้นของการสูบบุหรี่ทุกวันในที่สุด การศึกษาตรวจสอบปัจจัยเหล่านี้เป็นแบบไดนามิกpredictors เวลาแตกต่างกันเพื่อดูว่าผลกระทบของกระบวนการครอบครัวเหล่านี้ไปจนช่วงเวลาในช่วงวัยรุ่น
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