Model
In the Orware model, the waste management system consists of treatments and transports, according to Fig. 1. In all submodels, the annual turnover (use of) of materials, energy and financial resources in the processes are calculated. Materials turnover is characterised by (1) the supply of waste materials and process chemicals, (2) the output of products and by-products, and (3) emissions to air, water and crops. Energy turnover is the use of different energy carriers such as coal, oil, or biomass, and the recovery of heat, electricity, hydrogen, and biogas from waste. The financial turnover is defined as monetary costs for the processes included.