A ready reference on energy consumption patterns and conservation measures available in typical manufacturing processes is presented. The following subjects are discussed: historic energy usage, energy and GNP, patterns of energy use in industry, potential for and international industrial energy conservation, international industrial energy efficiencies; and barriers to energy conservation; improving energy management, thermodynamic availability analysis, waste heat recovery, improving boiler efficiency, and cogeneration; energy conservation measures in the iron and steel, aluminum, copper, cement, glass, pulp and paper, and petroleum refining industries are specifically discussed. In the short term, about 30% of the energy used in industrial processes could be saved through the application of existing techniques that are economically justifiable. These and other implications for the future are discussed. (MCW)