Correlation between phenophase and temperature
Pineapple is native to warm regions and cannot tolerate low temperatures and frost. Regions between 30∘N and 30∘S can grow pineapple, but the optimum growing region locus is between 20∘N and 20 ∘S. The average annual temperatures suitable for growing pineapple normally range from 24∘C to 27 ∘C. In addition, 14∘C is the critical temperature that affects pineapple growth. Pineapple plant grows slowly below 14∘C, stops growing below 10∘C and suffers from chilling injury below 5∘C. Consequently, the low temperature in winter plays a decisive role in pineapple growth and development. The entire vegetative growth stage generally requires approximately 12 months (Fig. 2), and the number of new leaves is more than four during the fast growth period (from May to October) at suitable temperatures.