The overarching theme behind all of these tips, and therefore the factor that effective public speaking almost always boils down to, is confidence. It's important to recognize that for our purposes, confidence has two meanings. One meaning is a personal emotion/state of mind that comes from knowledge of and familiarity with a subject. This is real confidence, and it takes time and effort to develop. The other meaning is an impression that your audience develops based on your behavior, leading the audience to believe that you have real confidence. This is called apparent confidence, and the most important thing to remember about it is that you do not have to have real confidence to have apparent confidence. If you approach every speech in a confident manner by using these tips, 99% of audiences will believe that you have real confidence.