Strengths and limitations of study
The strengths of the study include the ability to compare
outcomes by the woman’s planned place of birth at the start of
care in labour, the high participation of midwifery units and
trusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power to
detect clinically important differences in adverse perinatal
outcomes, the minimisation of selection bias through
achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection
bias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that were
similar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to current
clinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability of
the groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted to
women with no complicating conditions identified at the start
of care in labour, and the ability to control for several important
potential confounders.
The weaknesses of the study include the use of a composite
primary outcome measure, because of the low event rates for
individual perinatal outcomes. We cannot rule out the possibility
that the use of a composite may have concealed important
differences in outcomes between planned places of birth, such
as less severe outcomes in a particular setting. However,
examination of the distribution of outcomes by planned place
of birth did not suggest that this was the case. In addition,
although many of the outcomes included in the composite are
likely to reflect problems which occur during labour and birth,
their long term implications for the baby are uncertain. For
example, although moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy
are associated with development of cerebral palsy and long term
morbidity, mild encephalopathy has not been associated with
detectable longer term impacts.18
The generalisability of these findings to other settings is
uncertain. In England, planned birth outside an obstetric unit
remains uncommon, despite this being an available option for
a number of years. Care is almost always provided by trained
Strengths and limitations of studyThe strengths of the study include the ability to compareoutcomes by the woman’s planned place of birth at the start ofcare in labour, the high participation of midwifery units andtrusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power todetect clinically important differences in adverse perinataloutcomes, the minimisation of selection bias throughachievement of a high response rate and absence of self selectionbias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that weresimilar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to currentclinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability ofthe groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted towomen with no complicating conditions identified at the startof care in labour, and the ability to control for several importantpotential confounders.The weaknesses of the study include the use of a compositeprimary outcome measure, because of the low event rates forindividual perinatal outcomes. We cannot rule out the possibilitythat the use of a composite may have concealed importantdifferences in outcomes between planned places of birth, suchas less severe outcomes in a particular setting. However,examination of the distribution of outcomes by planned placeof birth did not suggest that this was the case. In addition,although many of the outcomes included in the composite areน่าจะสะท้อนปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างแรงงานและเกิดผลระยะยาวของทารกไม่แน่ใจ สำหรับตัวอย่าง แม้ว่ารุนแรง และปานกลาง encephalopathy ทารกแรกเกิดเกี่ยวข้องกับการพัฒนาของสมองและระยะยาวmorbidity, encephalopathy อ่อนไม่เชื่อมโยงกับimpacts.18 ระยะยาวสามารถตรวจสอบได้Generalisability สิ่งเหล่านี้การตั้งค่าอื่น ๆ ได้ไม่แน่นอน ในอังกฤษ แผนเกิดนอกหน่วยสูติศาสตร์ยังคงใช่ แม้ว่านี้เป็นตัวเลือกที่พร้อมใช้งานสำหรับตัวเลขของปี ดูแลเกือบตลอดเวลาทำได้โดยการฝึกอบรม
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