Despiteprovidingsomevaluableinsight

Despiteprovidingsomevaluableinsights,noneofthesetheorieshasbeenwidelyacceptedasanexplanationofruralindustrialisation.Thisreflectstheemphasistheyplaceonindividuallocation factors, which provides, at best, apar-tialexplanationoftheurban-ruralshift.Duringthe1990s,asecondsetoftheoriesemerged,whichattemptedtoprovideamoreholisticunderstandingofthefactorsresponsibleforthesuperiorperformanceofdifferentruralbusinesses. This research was characterised bygreaterempiricalbreadth,andsoughttorevealthemanifoldqualitiesthatcharacteriseruralareas(andthecompaniesoperatingwithinthem)andcontributetotheireconomicsuccess.Forinstance,Keeble&Tyler(1995)developedatheoryof‘enterprisingbehaviour’whichsuggestedthatfirms–inaccessibleruralareasespecially–benefitfrom(andindeedcontrib-uteto)ahighlyfavourableinnovativemilieu.Inpart,thistheorybuiltonKeeble’searliersug-gestionthattheenvironmentalqualityofruralspacesactsasamagnetforthemostgiftedentrepreneurs,whichleadsinturntohigherratesofnewfirmformationinhighqualitysectors.However,itsargumentswerebroaderinscope,suggestingthatanumberofcharac-teristicsofaccessibleruralareasmakethemespeciallyconducivetothedevelopmentof‘enterprisingbehaviour’,or‘thedeliberateandconsciouseffortsofcompaniestoenhancetheircompetitiveedgeacrossallactivities...neces-saryforsuccessfulbusinessoperation’(Keeble
&Tyler1995,p.978).Inessence,KeebleandTylercontendedthatthemostinnovativeandcommerciallysuccessfulbusinessstrategiesaredevelopedbySMEsinaccessibleruralloca-tions:aclaimtheysubstantiatedwithasurveyofover1,000manufacturingandserviceSMEsin‘remoterural’,‘accessiblerural’and‘urban’areas.
TheworkofNorth&Smallbone(1995,1996)alsosoughttoappreciateandunderstandthewiderinnovativemilieuthatappearstocharac-teriseruralspaceeconomies.However,theyofferedarathermorepessimistictheoryof‘constrainedbehaviour’,whichquestionedthevalueofusingemploymentchangeasanindicator of competitive performanceandhighlightedtheconstraintsthatoperateonSMEs
inremoteruralareas.Derivedfromasurveyofover300maturemanufacturingSMEsinurbanandrurallocations,NorthandSmallbone’sviewwasthat,forsomelocalities,ruralindustrialis-ationmayreflectmorelabourintensivebusinessdevelopmentstrategiesimposedbyaperipheralbusinessenvironment,asmuchasitdoestheadoptionofmore‘enterprising’commercialstrategies.
Insomerespectsatleast,thesestudiesrep-resentanimportantstepforwardfromthecon-tributionsofthe1980s.Forinstance,theworkofKeebleandTylerandNorthandSmallbonerejectsthe‘singleissue’emphasisofpreviousanalyses,andtriestoconveyasenseofthedifferencesexhibitedbyruralmanufacturingSMEsoperatingincontrastingempiricalsitu-ations.However,aconceptualframeworkthatenablessuchempiricalvariationtobefullyappreciatedremainselusive.ThisisbecausethestudiesofKeebleandTylerandNorthandSmallboneremainhamperedbyanimplicitendorsementofpositivistcausallogic,whicharguablylimitstheirabilitytoaccommodatethefullbreadthoftheirempiricalfindings.Forexample,despitebeingatpainstoemphasise‘thepresenceofdifferences’intheiranalysis,KeebleandTyler(1995,p.980)aresoenamouredwiththestereotypeofthehighlyinnovative‘accessibleruralSME’astoclaimthat‘onecanpredicttherelativesuccessofanareaintermsofitsabilitytoattractthosewhoare“enterprising”and toenableenterprisingbehaviour tooccur’(emphasisadded).
Giventheextenttowhichrecentcontribu-tionsare,intheirvariousways,attemptingtoacknowledge(ifnotyettocelebrate)‘differ-ence’inthestudyofruralindustrialisation(North&Smallbone2000),1thisrecoursetoempiricalgeneralisation–soindicativeofthepositivistapproach–arguablyrepresentsabarriertofurtherprogressandunderstanding.Leavingtoonesidethedifficultiesofascribingcausalstatustosomethingasnebulousas‘enter-prisingbehaviour’,basingclassification(and,byimplication,causalinference)uponempiri-cal‘stereotypes’effectivelyforcesthedatainto‘neat’categories,implicitlymarginalisingthosefindingswhich–forwhateverreason–failtoconform.Moreover,thesuggestionthatempiri-caloutcomescanbepredictedonthebasisofobservedregularitiesinpreviouseventsser-
iouslyunderestimatesthecomplexityoftherelationshipbetween‘cause’and‘effect’.Thus,whileKeeble,Northandothersarecertainlycorrectintheirassertionthatdifferentspatial‘contexts’servetoinfluencethecompetitiveperformance

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

Despiteprovidingsomevaluableinsights, noneofthesetheorieshasbeenwidelyacceptedasanexplanationofruralindustrialisation ปัจจัย Thisreflectstheemphasistheyplaceonindividuallocation ที่ ที่สุด apar-tialexplanationoftheurban-ruralshift Duringthe1990s, asecondsetoftheoriesemerged, whichattemptedtoprovideamoreholisticunderstandingofthefactorsresponsibleforthesuperiorperformanceofdifferentruralbusinesses งานวิจัยนี้มีประสบการ์ bygreaterempiricalbreadth, andcontributetotheireconomicsuccess andsoughttorevealthemanifoldqualitiesthatcharacteriseruralareas (andthecompaniesoperatingwithinthem) Developedatheoryof'enterprisingbehaviour (1995) Forinstance, Keeble และไทเลอร์ ' ahighlyfavourableinnovativemilieu whichsuggestedthatfirms – inaccessibleruralareasespecially – benefitfrom(andindeedcontrib-uteto) Inpart, thistheorybuiltonKeeble'searliersug gestionthattheenvironmentalqualityofruralspacesactsasamagnetforthemostgiftedentrepreneurs, whichleadsinturntohigherratesofnewfirmformationinhighqualitysectors อย่างไรก็ตาม itsargumentswerebroaderinscope, suggestingthatanumberofcharac teristicsofaccessibleruralareasmakethemespeciallyconducivetothedevelopmentof'enterprisingbehaviour', or'thedeliberateandconsciouseffortsofcompaniestoenhancetheircompetitiveedgeacrossallactivities... neces-saryforsuccessfulbusinessoperation'(Keeble& Tyler1995,p.978) Inessence, KeebleandTylercontendedthatthemostinnovativeandcommerciallysuccessfulbusinessstrategiesaredevelopedbySMEsinaccessibleruralloca-tions:aclaimtheysubstantiatedwithasurveyofover1, 000manufacturingandserviceSMEsin 'remoterural' พื้นที่ 'เมือง' accessiblerural'andTheworkofNorth และ Smallbone (1995,1996) alsosoughttoappreciateandunderstandthewiderinnovativemilieuthatappearstocharac-teriseruralspaceeconomies อย่างไรก็ตาม theyofferedarathermorepessimistictheoryof'constrainedbehaviour', whichquestionedthevalueofusingemploymentchangeasanindicator performanceandhighlightedtheconstraintsthatoperateonSMEs แข่งขันinremoteruralareas Derivedfromasurveyofover300maturemanufacturingSMEsinurbanandrurallocations, NorthandSmallbone'sviewwasthat, forsomelocalities, ruralindustrialis ationmayreflectmorelabourintensivebusinessdevelopmentstrategiesimposedbyaperipheralbusinessenvironment, asmuchasitdoestheadoptionofmore'enterprising'commercialstrategiesInsomerespectsatleast, thesestudiesrep-resentanimportantstepforwardfromthecon-tributionsofthe1980s Forinstance, theworkofKeebleandTylerandNorthandSmallbonerejectsthe'singleissue'emphasisofpreviousanalyses, andtriestoconveyasenseofthedifferencesexhibitedbyruralmanufacturingSMEsoperatingincontrastingempiricalsitu ations.However, aconceptualframeworkthatenablessuchempiricalvariationtobefullyappreciatedremainselusive ThisisbecausethestudiesofKeebleandTylerandNorthandSmallboneremainhamperedbyanimplicitendorsementofpositivistcausallogic, whicharguablylimitstheirabilitytoaccommodatethefullbreadthoftheirempiricalfindings Forexample, despitebeingatpainstoemphasise'thepresenceofdifferences' intheiranalysis, KeebleandTyler (1995,p.980) aresoenamouredwiththestereotypeofthehighlyinnovative'accessibleruralSME 'astoclaimthat' onecanpredicttherelativesuccessofanareaintermsofitsabilitytoattractthosewhoare "อาชีพ" และ toenableenterprisingbehaviour tooccur'(emphasisadded)Giventheextenttowhichrecentcontribu-tionsare, intheirvariousways, attemptingtoacknowledge (ifnotyettocelebrate)' แตกต่าง-ence'inthestudyofruralindustrialisation(North&Smallbone2000), 1thisrecoursetoempiricalgeneralisation – soindicativeofthepositivistapproach – arguablyrepresentsabarriertofurtherprogressandunderstanding Leavingtoonesidethedifficultiesofascribingcausalstatustosomethingasnebulousas'enter-prisingbehaviour', basingclassification (และ byimplication, causalinference) uponempiri-cal'stereotypes' effectivelyforcesthedatainto 'เรียบร้อย' ประเภท implicitlymarginalisingthosefindingswhich – forwhateverreason – failtoconform นอกจากนี้ thesuggestionthatempiri-caloutcomescanbepredictedonthebasisofobservedregularitiesinpreviouseventsser -iouslyunderestimatesthecomplexityoftherelationshipbetween'cause' และ 'ผล' ดังนั้น whileKeeble, servetoinfluencethecompetitiveperformance 'Northandothersarecertainlycorrectintheirassertionthatdifferentspatial'contexts

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

ปัจจัยที่ให้บริการที่ดีที่สุด การวิจัยครั้งนี้ก็มีลักษณะ การแข่งขันของ toenableenterprisingbehaviour

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

despiteprovidingsomevaluableinsights noneofthesetheorieshasbeenwidelyacceptedasanexplanationofruralindustrialisation.thisreflectstheemphasistheyplaceonindividuallocation , ปัจจัย , ที่ให้บริการ , ที่ดีที่สุด , ด้ว tialexplanationoftheurban ruralshift . duringthe1990s asecondsetoftheoriesemerged , ,whichattemptedtoprovideamoreholisticunderstandingofthefactorsresponsibleforthesuperiorperformanceofdifferentruralbusinesses . งานวิจัยนี้เป็นลักษณะ bygreaterempiricalbreadth andsoughttorevealthemanifoldqualitiesthatcharacteriseruralareas ( andcontributetotheireconomicsuccess.forinstance andthecompaniesoperatingwithinthem ) , ,คีเบิล&ไทเลอร์ ( 1995 ) developedatheoryof'enterprisingbehaviour'whichsuggestedthatfirms – inaccessibleruralareasespecially –จาก ( andindeedcontrib uteto ) ahighlyfavourableinnovativemilieu . inpart thistheorybuiltonkeeble'searliersug-gestionthattheenvironmentalqualityofruralspacesactsasamagnetforthemostgiftedentrepreneurs whichleadsinturntohigherratesofnewfirmformationinhighqualitysectors , , .อย่างไรก็ตาม itsargumentswerebroaderinscope suggestingthatanumberofcharac-teristicsofaccessibleruralareasmakethemespeciallyconducivetothedevelopmentof'enterprisingbehaviour ' , or'thedeliberateandconsciouseffortsofcompaniestoenhancetheircompetitiveedgeacrossallactivities ทั้งหลาย . . . . . . . saryforsuccessfulbusinessoperation ' ( คีเบิล
& tyler1995 inessence , , p.978 )keebleandtylercontendedthatthemostinnovativeandcommerciallysuccessfulbusinessstrategiesaredevelopedbysmesinaccessibleruralloca tions : aclaimtheysubstantiatedwithasurveyofover1000manufacturingandservicesmesin'remoterural ' 'accessiblerural'and'urban'areas .
theworkofnorth & SMALLBONE ( 1995