Identify and give functions for each of the following:
- left and right atria - The left atrium sends blood through an atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle. The right atrium atrium sends blood through an atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle.
- left and right ventricles - the left ventricle sends blood throught the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta to the body. The right ventricle sends blood throught the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
- coronary arteries and veins - Important part of the systemic circuit they serve the heart muscle itself. The coronary areteries are the first branches off the aorta. The coronary capillary beds on the exterior of the heart join to form venules. The venules converge to form cardiac veins which empty into the right atrium.
- anterior (superior) and posterior (inferior) vena cave - both carry deoxygenated blood (low O2 high CO2) to the right atrium. Superior collects from the head chest and arms. Inferior collects from the lower body regions.
- aorta - The path of the systemic blood to any organ in the body begins in the left ventricle, which pumps blood into the aorta.
- pulmonary arteries and veins - Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated to the lungs from the heart. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs.
- pulmonary trunk - Blood from all regions of the body first collects in the right atrium and then passes into the right ventricle, which pumps it into the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk divides into the pulmonary arteries to each lung.
- atrioventricular valves - The valves between the atria and ventricles. Supported by strong fibrous strings called chordae tendineae that prevent the valves from inverting. Prevent the backflow of blood into the atria after it has entered the ventricle.
- chordae tendineae - that prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting
- semi-lunar valves - between the ventricles and their attached vessels. The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. The aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta.
- septum - A wall that seperates the heart into a right side and a left side