There are a vast amount of services that can be offered alongside the fluids. These
are often divided into three groups depending on the lifecycle phase in which they
are provided (Nolte 2003):
• Services provided at the procurement and delivery phase may include a selection
of products, initial testing, HSE-assessment, price negotiation, purchasing,
delivery logistics and storage.
• Services provided at the usage phase include management, monitoring and
maintenance services, as well as system cleaning and administration services
such as billing and product and process development.
• Services provided at the disposal phase include on- and off-site recycling of
fluids, wastewater treatment, outbound transportation, material recycling and
final disposal of waste (see Fig. 11.3)