Detailed description of protocols, methods, and docu- mentation for clinical assessment of TDIs can be found in current textbooks (1, 14, 15).
Radiographic examination
Several projections and angulations are routinely rec- ommended, but the clinician should decide which radio- graphs are required for the individual. The following are suggested:
• Periapical radiograph with a 90° horizontal angle with central beam through the tooth in question.
• Occlusal view.
• Periapical radiograph with lateral angulations from
the mesial or distal aspect of the tooth in question. Emerging imaging modalities such as cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) provide enhanced visualization of TDIs, particularly root fractures and lateral luxations, monitoring of healing, and complica- tions. Availability is limited, and its use not currently considered routine; however, specific information is
available in the scientific literature (16, 17).