Gonad colour, determined by accumulated carotenoids, is an important marketability factor in sea urchin products. In this study,
dietary carotenoids were fed to Paracentrotus lividus in prepared diets to test their effects on the sea urchin's gonad colour. All
diets had the same basic content of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and energy. Four diets were enriched with: (I) all-trans β-
carotene; (II) astaxanthin; (III) zeaxanthin/lutein/β-carotene; and (IV) capsanthin/zeaxanthin/lutein/cryptoxanthin/β-carotene. A
fifth diet had Dunaliella bardawil algal powder containing all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene added, and a sixth one was a control diet
with no added carotenoids. Sea urchins were fed the control diet (no pigments) for 4 weeks, then the six experimental diets for
8 weeks. Carotenoid concentration in the gut and gonad was determined by tri-dimensional photo-diode array high performance
liquid chromatography. Four qualitative colour categories were established: brown, pale yellow, medium-orange, and mangoorange.
Gonad development and test diameter increased equally in all diet treatments. Carotenoid profile and concentration in the gut
were higher than in the gonad or in the feed. Total carotenoid concentration was four- to ten-fold greater in the gut than in the
gonad, and carotenoid profile in the gut was different from that of the diet. Gut and gonad total carotenoids, β-carotene, and
echinenone concentration were not dependent on total dietary carotenoid concentration. Total carotenoid and β-carotene
concentration in the gut, and total carotenoid and echinenone concentration in the gonad were significantly dependent on dietary β-
carotene concentration. The percentage of gonads with acceptable colour was positively correlated with dietary and gut β-carotene
concentration. Carotenoids not normally contained in the diet of P. lividus (astaxanthin, capsanthin and capsorbin), did not
accumulate in the gonad. Echinenone was found in all gut and gonad samples. Over 90% of the gonads from P. lividus fed
Dunaliella algal powder diet developed the optimal mango-orange colour and this diet led to the greatest echinenone concentration.
Gonad colour, determined by accumulated carotenoids, is an important marketability factor in sea urchin products. In this study,dietary carotenoids were fed to Paracentrotus lividus in prepared diets to test their effects on the sea urchin's gonad colour. Alldiets had the same basic content of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and energy. Four diets were enriched with: (I) all-trans β-carotene; (II) astaxanthin; (III) zeaxanthin/lutein/β-carotene; and (IV) capsanthin/zeaxanthin/lutein/cryptoxanthin/β-carotene. Afifth diet had Dunaliella bardawil algal powder containing all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene added, and a sixth one was a control dietwith no added carotenoids. Sea urchins were fed the control diet (no pigments) for 4 weeks, then the six experimental diets for8 weeks. Carotenoid concentration in the gut and gonad was determined by tri-dimensional photo-diode array high performanceliquid chromatography. Four qualitative colour categories were established: brown, pale yellow, medium-orange, and mangoorange.Gonad development and test diameter increased equally in all diet treatments. Carotenoid profile and concentration in the gutwere higher than in the gonad or in the feed. Total carotenoid concentration was four- to ten-fold greater in the gut than in thegonad, and carotenoid profile in the gut was different from that of the diet. Gut and gonad total carotenoids, β-carotene, andechinenone concentration were not dependent on total dietary carotenoid concentration. Total carotenoid and β-carotene
concentration in the gut, and total carotenoid and echinenone concentration in the gonad were significantly dependent on dietary β-
carotene concentration. The percentage of gonads with acceptable colour was positively correlated with dietary and gut β-carotene
concentration. Carotenoids not normally contained in the diet of P. lividus (astaxanthin, capsanthin and capsorbin), did not
accumulate in the gonad. Echinenone was found in all gut and gonad samples. Over 90% of the gonads from P. lividus fed
Dunaliella algal powder diet developed the optimal mango-orange colour and this diet led to the greatest echinenone concentration.
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