In a pilot study comparing dexmedetomidine with haloperidol in patients with hyperactive delirium, dexmedetomidine was associated with a shorter time to extubation and shorter length of stay in the ICU.55 This finding is supported by a randomized trial of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in which patients with delirium at the time of enrollment had a more rapid resolution of delirium if they were assigned to receive dexmedetomidine than if they were assigned to receive midazolam.21 However, definitive evidence supporting the use of dexmedetomidine for the treatment of delirium is not currently available.