3.2. Screening for pretreatment additives
3.2.1. Alkali chlorination
The available chlorine in NaOCl was 11.8%, whereas in Ca(OCl)2, it was 30.4%. The available chlorine in a substance is a measure of the oxidizing power of its active chlorine compared to that of elemental chlorine (Chung, 1989). Theoretically, 1 kg of cyanide requires 2.73 kg of chlorine to oxidize it to cyanate, and 4.09 kg of chlorine for further oxidation to carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Total 6.82 kg of chlorine is required per kg of cyanide. However; in practice, the quantity of chemicals required is more than stochiometric amounts because of incomplete reaction time and other influencing factors (LaGrega et al., 2001). Total 7.35 kg of chlorine dose kg−1 of cyanide was considered for initiation of experiment, from the results of earlier experiments performed in the laboratory.
3.2. Screening for pretreatment additives3.2.1. Alkali chlorinationThe available chlorine in NaOCl was 11.8%, whereas in Ca(OCl)2, it was 30.4%. The available chlorine in a substance is a measure of the oxidizing power of its active chlorine compared to that of elemental chlorine (Chung, 1989). Theoretically, 1 kg of cyanide requires 2.73 kg of chlorine to oxidize it to cyanate, and 4.09 kg of chlorine for further oxidation to carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Total 6.82 kg of chlorine is required per kg of cyanide. However; in practice, the quantity of chemicals required is more than stochiometric amounts because of incomplete reaction time and other influencing factors (LaGrega et al., 2001). Total 7.35 kg of chlorine dose kg−1 of cyanide was considered for initiation of experiment, from the results of earlier experiments performed in the laboratory.
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