Canadians have good reason to be proud of their science education system. According to the latest results from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Program on International Student Achievement (PISA), Canadian students are among the best in the world when it comes to science learning outcomes. This is a tremendous achievement for Canadian educators. It points to an educational system which does an admirable job of both preparing young Canadians for careers in science and technology and cultivating a high level of scientific literacy in the general public. However, as reassuring as it is to have Canada’s excellence in science education confirmed by another round of international tests, the potential lessons to be drawn from PISA relate to Canada’s weaknesses compared to other countries.