2.2. Vacuum infusion and natural mass diffusion
VI and NMD were conducted at room temperature. Each 500 g
mango sample was immersed in a 500 g solution in a closed
cylindrical chamber (total volume of 4 L). For VI, the air in the
chamber was pulled out to reach a vacuum pressure within 40 s.
The examined vacuum pressure values were 74.66 kPa, 48.00 kPa
and 21.33 kPa. Vacuum pressure was maintained for a period of
time. Atmospheric pressure was then restored in 5 s