The results are presented in Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11. The rate of MB and EY removal is rapid and typically 97.5% and 96.6% of the adsorbate (of initial concentration of 100 mg L−1), respectively are removed within 60 min (Fig. 9). This is followed by a slow progress and reaches a maximum of 99.6% and 99.8% in 240 min for both the dyes MB and EY, respectively.