A more subtle threat at the niche level could come from cooperation between offshore wind and offshore oil and gas infrastructure in the North Sea. New oil and gas exploitation technologies,notably unmanned, remotely controlled, and sea-bed located oil or gas extraction modules could plug into any developed North Sea offshore grids, for power to work, but also to convert and transmit electricity. One Dutch study has also explored combining offshore wind farms with a network of decommissioned natural gas platforms in the North Sea. This would allow wind-to-gas conversion and storage, as another way to address intermittency