interaction force Fig. 11. Frequency spectra of hybrid parameters for teleoperation systems. Solid line: 4CH. Dashed line: 3CH.
measurement, the force tracking performance in the 3CH architecture is somewhat degraded.
To sum up, quantitative assessments of the tracking errors of Figs. 6 and 10 are provided in Table II.
2) Frequency Domain Analysis: To further investigate the teleoperation system transparency, an analysis of the hybrid parameters in the frequency domain is carried out. To do this, we use the hybrid representation of the two-port network model of a master–slave system. A complete discussion of the hybrid matrix analysis can be found in [14] and [25]. In this representation