Meanwhile in Bangkok, the Governor M.R. Sukhumband Boripartra is facing a struggle to push through flood defence plans for the city. After the terrible floods in Bangkok of 2011, a 4 year plan was developed to improve flood defences and prevention for the city. The plans, developed by the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) Government and the Department of Drainage and Sewerage include dredging canals, improving water pumping stations and introducing sluice gates. Overall the cost of the programme is estimated to be 23 billion baht. However, the governor said the Thai national government has yet to consider allocating the money for the implementation, adding that the BMA might consider taking out a loan to get the plan off the ground if the budget does not get a the go ahead.