Neuropsychological Tasks. The tests have been chosen to investigate the attentional components involved in schizophrenia are multicomponent, being that each of these involves the coordinated participation of several functions. For example, in most tests used here in addition to assessing attentional function, also assess processing speed (Stroop Tests, Symbol Search, Digit Symbol). However, try to isolate certain components as reported in the literature.
Digit Span Forward. In this task, the participant has to repeat a sequence of numbers exactly as the examiner reads them. If correctly repeated, the examiner reads the next set of numbers, and continues until the participant fails in two series. The amount of digits increases in each subsequent sequence. The test score is the highest number of digits repeated correctly. The forward digit span was used to measure the effectiveness of attention, especially the attention span
Symbol Search23. The participant is presented with a series of paired groups, each consisting of a target group and search group. The participant must decide whether either of the target symbols is in the search group, made up of five search symbols. The total score is the number of correct answers minus the number of incorrect answers. This test was used for assessing sustained attention.
Stroop Color-Word Test. This task has three parts. First, the participant must read out loud the names of the colors ‘red’, ‘green’ and ‘blue’, printed in black, during 45 seconds. Secondly, the participant is shown rows of ‘x’printed in different colors, and he must name the colors of each row of ‘x’ for 45 seconds. Thirdly, the words “red”, “green” and “blue” are printed in different colors, and the participant must name the colour of the ink the word is printed in, ignoring its meaning, during another 45 seconds. The total score is the number of correct answers in each part. This test was used to evaluate different attentional processes, particularly sustained attention can be evaluated with the first section, and focused attention and inhibitory attentional control with the third.
Neuropsychological Tasks. The tests have been chosen to investigate the attentional components involved in schizophrenia are multicomponent, being that each of these involves the coordinated participation of several functions. For example, in most tests used here in addition to assessing attentional function, also assess processing speed (Stroop Tests, Symbol Search, Digit Symbol). However, try to isolate certain components as reported in the literature.Digit Span Forward. In this task, the participant has to repeat a sequence of numbers exactly as the examiner reads them. If correctly repeated, the examiner reads the next set of numbers, and continues until the participant fails in two series. The amount of digits increases in each subsequent sequence. The test score is the highest number of digits repeated correctly. The forward digit span was used to measure the effectiveness of attention, especially the attention spanSymbol Search23. The participant is presented with a series of paired groups, each consisting of a target group and search group. The participant must decide whether either of the target symbols is in the search group, made up of five search symbols. The total score is the number of correct answers minus the number of incorrect answers. This test was used for assessing sustained attention.Stroop Color-Word Test. This task has three parts. First, the participant must read out loud the names of the colors ‘red’, ‘green’ and ‘blue’, printed in black, during 45 seconds. Secondly, the participant is shown rows of ‘x’printed in different colors, and he must name the colors of each row of ‘x’ for 45 seconds. Thirdly, the words “red”, “green” and “blue” are printed in different colors, and the participant must name the colour of the ink the word is printed in, ignoring its meaning, during another 45 seconds. The total score is the number of correct answers in each part. This test was used to evaluate different attentional processes, particularly sustained attention can be evaluated with the first section, and focused attention and inhibitory attentional control with the third.
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