AbstractAlthough fish have been kep

Abstract
Although fish have been kept for more than three centuries as ornamentals, and the development of manufactured feed since 50 years ago has contributed to the tremendous growth of this hobby, nutrition of ornamental fish is based on extrapolation of results derived from food fishes under intensive farming conditions. Some research on nutrient (protein, minerals) requirements of growing freshwater ornamental species (live-bearers) in a production environment has been conducted, mainly in Singapore, with emphasis on the provision of live feed during the early stages of the life cycle. Protein requirements varied from around 30% dietary protein for growing omnivorous goldfish (Carassius auratus) to 50% for the carnivorous discus (Symphysodon aequifasciata). Whereas mineral (phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc) requirements have received some attention in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), few researches have concentrated on vitamin requirements of ornamental species. Requirements for fatty acids have been conducted mainly on marine ornamentals (damselfish, seahorses), and accentuated the need for dietary supplementation of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. Fish kept in public and home aquaria presents the problem of diversity of species in the same enclosure, each with its own specific requirements and needs. Maintenance energy levels of ornamental fish varied from 0.068 kJ per day for small neon tetras (Paracheirodon innesi) to 0.51 kJ per day for moonlight gouramis (Trichogaster microlepsis) kept at a water temperature of 26 °C. Research on nutrient requirements of ornamental fish urges for suitable measurements other than only growth rate in order to determine optimal dietary inclusion levels.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

Abstract Although the fish store more than three centuries as ornamentals and development of manufacturing since 50 years ago, has contributed to the tremendous growth of this hobby. The nutritional value of fish depend on. extrapolation The results are derived from fish farming under a certain research needs nutrients (protein, minerals) of fish species. (The housing bearers) growth in the production environment are being implemented. Mainly in Singapore With the fresh food during the early stages of the life cycle protein requirements vary from about 30% protein diet for goldfish omnivorous (currency goldfish auratus) grew 50% for the carnivorous Discus. (Discus) , while demand for minerals (phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc) has been the focus of some fish (fish reticulata), little research has concentrated on the vitamin requirements of ornamental needs fatty acids has taken part. in marine ornamentals (damselfish, seahorses), and want a dry n-3 fatty acid supplementation at higher levels the Star fish kept in the house. Aquarius and the public by presenting a variety of species in the same enclosure. The demand for their specific needs and maintain energy levels of fish varies from 0.068 kJ per day for small neon tetras (currency fluorescent innesi) to 0.51 kJ per day gouramis (Trichogaster microlepsis) keep the water temperature. of 26 degrees Celsius, research on the nutritional requirements of the fish prior to return for a proper assessment to determine not only the growth rate of the total diet.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

Abstract
Although the fish have been preserved for more than three centuries as an ornamental plant and the development of food production since 50 years ago, has contributed to the tremendous growth of this hobby nutrition of fish based on the forecast. forecasts of the results obtained from fish meal under intense. Terms of agriculture some research about nutrition. (Protein, minerals) to the growth of species of ornamental freshwater (holding fresh) in a production environment that has been conducted mainly in Singapore by focusing on supplying fresh food in the early stages of the life cycle. needs are different from protein, 30% protein for growing fish omnivorous (Carassius auratus) to 50% for the dish, eat meat (Symphysodon aequifasciata) while minerals (phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc) requirements. received some attention in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and very little research has focused on the vitamin requirements of varieties of ornamental requirements for fatty acids have been conducted mainly in the array (damselfish Falcons) and. emphasizes the need for supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and high fish stored in the booth and home presents a problem of diversity of species in the same cage, each with specific requirements of its own and needs. To maintain energy levels of different fish from 0.068 kJ per day for Mini Neon Tetras. (Paracheirodon innesi) -0.51 kJ per day for moonlight gouramis (Trichogaster microlepsis) kept at a temperature of 26 degrees Celsius, the research on the nutrient requirements of fish call for the appropriate measure than any other rate. only to determine the level of growth as the best food.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

Abstract
Although fish were stored for more than three centuries, is a flowering plant. And development of food since 50 years ago, has contributed greatly to the growth of this hobby. Why nutrition of fish as a result of fish under the conditions courses. Research on nutrients (protein, minerals) demand growth of ornamental fish species (held) in a production environment that has been conducted mainly in Singapore. Highlighting the food is in the early stages of the life cycle proteins ranging from protein, about 30%, to grow goldfish eat both plants and animals (Carassius auratus) 50% for those insects (symphysodon aequifasciata) the minerals phosphorus, iron, magnesium and zinc. to get some attention in the guppy (poecilia reticulata), little research has focused on the needs vitamins. Garnish requirements for fatty acids have been conducted mostly flowering marine (fish, seahorses,), and stressed the need to strengthen the unsaturated fatty acids of fish kept in public. Bavaria and home The issue of diversity of life in the same cabinet. Each has its own particular needs and energy levels to maintain fish range from 0,068 kg per day for Tetras Neon Light (paracheirodon innesi) 0.51 kg per day gouramis (1 microlepsis) kept at a temperature of 26 degrees and research. the nutrient requirements of fish to another monastery. More suitable than the growth rate only to determine the best combination of food.