No food carries zero risk for microbiological hazards but the risk
varies considerably depending on different types of hazards and
food matrices as well as the susceptibility of individual consumers.
Benefit assessment and benefit–risk assessment relating to microbiology
have not been well defined as microbial contaminants in
food generally only have neutral or adverse effects on human
health, and rarely are directly beneficial for human health. Probiotic
bacteria are however commonly considered to confer direct
health benefits to humans, although the majority of such health
claims have been rejected by EFSA (http://www.efsa.europa.eu/
en/ndatopics/topic/nutrition.htm). Furthermore, many microorganisms
e.g. various yeast and lactic acid bacteria are used in food
processing e.g. wine, beer, cheese and yogurt and although they are
not directly beneficial to human health they are integral parts of a
variety of food production processes (Steinkraus, 1996; Doyle and
Meng, 2006). More importantly, benefit–risk analyses may also include
the weighing of the benefit of reduced risk of adverse health
effects due to pathogenic microorganisms.
No food carries zero risk for microbiological hazards but the risk
varies considerably depending on different types of hazards and
food matrices as well as the susceptibility of individual consumers.
Benefit assessment and benefit–risk assessment relating to microbiology
have not been well defined as microbial contaminants in
food generally only have neutral or adverse effects on human
health, and rarely are directly beneficial for human health. Probiotic
bacteria are however commonly considered to confer direct
health benefits to humans, although the majority of such health
claims have been rejected by EFSA (http://www.efsa.europa.eu/
en/ndatopics/topic/nutrition.htm). Furthermore, many microorganisms
e.g. various yeast and lactic acid bacteria are used in food
processing e.g. wine, beer, cheese and yogurt and although they are
not directly beneficial to human health they are integral parts of a
variety of food production processes (Steinkraus, 1996; Doyle and
Meng, 2006). More importantly, benefit–risk analyses may also include
the weighing of the benefit of reduced risk of adverse health
effects due to pathogenic microorganisms.
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