• Passenger loading via stairs rather than jetways (Stansted, the main Ryanair hub, has jetways, and they are needed for large airports)
• Use staff for multiple jobs (cabin crew also check tickets at the gate, clean aircraft)
• Hedge fuel costs (buying fuel in advance when cheaper)
• Charge for all services (including on-board services, reserved seating, and extra baggage)
• Do not use reserved seating (which slows down boarding), or charge extra for reserved seating or early boarding.