Note: CI = confidence interval; DNQ = did not qualify; QNA = qualified not to attend; TIP = attended a
Duke TIP (Talent Identification Program) summer program.
aAbility compares QNA and DNQ students only (positive Cliff’s delta indicates QNA higher than DNQ).
bAttendance compares TIP and QNA students only (positive Cliff’s delta indicates TIP higher than QNA).
cSex compares females and males (positive Cliff’s delta indicates females higher than males).
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.