Head is upper end of the guitar neck, where the tuning machinery is attached.
Tuning pieces of material where the strings are wound around.
The guitar neck itself is most commonly made out of rosewood or maple of those types of wood. Necks can also be made out of ebony or mahogany.
Some players choose their guitar necks carefully as it is a factor in the overall sound of the guitar.
The neck is either bolted to the guitar body or made as one part with the guitar.
Pickguard: piece of material attached to the top of the guitar's body to protect it from scratches made by your picking attacks.
Saddle: a piece of material where the string runs over before it goes to the bridge.
Bridge: the bridge serves as the second end-point for the strings, so that they vibrate between nut and bridge. Some bridges are "fixed" and thus not moveable others are floating" and can be moved while playing.