Direction: Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow
Gaming as a Tool toward Effective Learning
Learning is the key tool onto the development of each individual. However, people still focus on common methods of learning and acquiring skills –memorization, reading, writing or calculation, which belong to the old tradition in 20th century learning process. What children today need more than those is to be able to think, solve problems, or interact critically. Thus, finding tools to let them achieve such learning potency is what the former generation would need to take into consideration. Diana Stirling has asserted a new way in which children can learn things in such manners in the 21st century, which is through game playing.
Game contains many features beneficial towards learning, which is from its very own structures. One of the unique elements is through self-exploration. Many games enable players to explore the world created freely, and thus create learning atmosphere to discover new things by themselves. The data provided can also act as a mediator to direct, or help players to learn. Following the direction, ones know where to go and what to do –unintentionally developing themselves in learning capability. Furthermore, games encourage participants to examine, question, and criticize the virtual environment in which they have been involved. With these instant interaction, to be able to synthesize new ideas or crystallize new approach to deal with unexpected situation within the game is important and can reinforce analytical skills for those who play.
Above all, the most important aspect for games as the new medium for learning for children is, perhaps, from the most fundamental ground –its truth as the mean ‘to play’. Playing games, one may merely enjoy what has been offered inside the realm of virtual world, but its core learning feature comes when ‘trial-and-error’ is done in order to reach the goal by the rule within the game. This allows player to try again and again without being obstructed by the fear of failing, and this activity, as Stirling stated, is ‘the work toward mastery’, which might be impossible in real-life to take such a risk. Once participants can improve themselves toward such goal, such mastery, it cannot be denied that game can be an effective tool for learning since it, in short, provides the strongest element for learning, which is ‘the ability to grow’.
Right now many researchers, after finding the hidden truth behind such trivial activity, are more encouraged to study into this discipline so that this triviality would matter more to people and drive human to be more proficient through learning, which is the root of human survival.
Reference: Stirling, Diana, Games as Educational Tools: Teaching Skills, Transforming Thought, access on infospace.ischool.syr.edu
64. According to the passage, which is what children need to improve learning potency?
criticizing something
problem solving
thinking critically
all of the above
65. According to the passage, why do children need to play game?
to have fun
to learn something
to relax
to memorize something
66. In paragraph 2, which aspect is not the element for games to be the effective tool for learning?
self-exploration
the direction and guideline
virtual environment
freedom
67. What does ‘trial-and-error’ mean in paragraph 3?
to try until ones reach the goal
to reach the goal
to fear of failure
to try and fail
68. What is the strongest element for effective learning?
Physical strength
Intelligence
Morality
Development
69. What does the phrase ‘such trivial activity’ refer to?
Learning
Growing
Playing game
Working toward mastery
70. Why does the author mention ‘the root of human survival’ in the last sentence of the passage?
To explain that survival matters
To conclude that learning is very important
To demonstrate how learning is essential
To tell that human survival depends on playing game