Transparency has two main dimensions: predictability and simplification (Helble et al., 2009; Lejarraga & Shepherd, 2013). Recently, accountability has become another key factor to con-sider in transparency. Indeed, transparency is considered by Smithe and Smith (2006) as the minimal standard for accountability. In the context of international trade, predictability diminishes the risks to do business abroad. Any unexpected procedure, quota or certificate; any substantial change in the tariff rate applied; any unpredictable aspect, rule, regulation, taxes or laws are all just some examples of non-transparent practices that mean restrictions for trading abroad. Examples of simplification within transparency can include: minimizing the number of documents required to trade; increasing the speed and flexibility of getting import per-missions; easing the requirements for compliance to trade abroad; and harmonizing procedures along the trade chain from producers to end clients and through any service providers. Accountability in the context of international trade is about the capacity to execute the right to make the different entities responsible; the capacity to agree warranties in contracts