4. Utilization Steps
Conceptual change texts were prepared by the researchers as a set of guidelines
to help students gain experience in grasping the concepts. In each of the texts, the
topics were introduced with questions, and the students’ possible answers that are not
scientifically accepted were mentioned directly. In this way students are expected to be
dissatisfied with their present perceptions. Then scientifically acceptable explanations
that are more plausible ad intelligible were described. Concrete examples and figures
were also included in the texts with the intention of further helping students understand
the scientific concept and realize the limitations of their own ideas.