been biased. Further, the study was performed at a single center so there might have been a bias in selection of the study subjects. Thus, further studies are needed to overcome these study limitations.
In conclusion, we conducted the present study to confirm the beneficial effect of 6 months of WBV exercise plus squat training on physical function, including body balance, muscle power, and walking ability, in elderly adults with knee osteoarthritis and/or spondylosis. WBV exercise alone improved indices of body balance and walking velocity from baseline values. However, WBV exercise plus squat training was more effective for improving tandem gait step number