The most abundant parasitoids were the larval parasitoids Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov)
Apanteles halordi Ullyett (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (Fig. 5), the larval-pupal parasitoid
Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which is the only known
gregarious primary parasitoid of P. xylostella, the pupal parasitoid Diadromus collaris
Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and the hyperparasitoids Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera:
Ichneumonidae) and Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Both emerged
from cocoons of their primary parasitoid hosts