According to Ambedkar, Dhamma is righteousness, which means right relations between human beings in all spheres of life. If a person is living alone, he or she does not need dhamma. However, when there are two persons living in relation to each other, they must find a place for dhamma, whether they like it or not. In other words, society, maintains Ambedkar, cannot sustain itself without dhamma. Society has to choose one of the three alternatives. Society may choose not to have any dhamma, as an instrument of government. This means society chooses the road to anarchy. Secondly, society may choose the police, that is, dictatorship as an instrument of government. Thirdly, society may choose dhamma plus the magistrate wherever people fail to observe the dhamma, as an instrument of government. In anarchy and dictatorship, liberty is lost. Liberty can survive only if we accept the third alternative. Therefore, concludes Ambedkar, those who want liberty must accept dhamma. According to Buddha, dhamma consists of prajna (understanding) and karuna (love). Thus, says Ambedkar, the definition of dhamma, according to the Buddha, is different from the definition of religion.
In his The Buddha and His Dhamma, Ambedkar has tried to make a distinction between religion and dhamma. According to him, the word “religion” is an ambiguous word with more than one meaning. This is so because religion has passed through many ages and the conception of religion, too, has changed accordingly. At early stage, religion was identified with magic. In the second stage, religion came to be identified with beliefs, rituals, ceremonies, prayers and sacrifices. In the third stage, God and soul entered religion. At present, says Ambedkar, religion means “belief in God, belief in soul, worship of God, curing of the erring soul, propitiating God by prayers, ceremonies, sacrifices, etc.”
(Short answer:
Ambedkar divided Dhamma into three general categories: Dhamma, Adhamma and Saddhamma.
1. What is dhamma ?
- To Maintain Purity of Life is Dhamma.
- To Reach Perfection in Life is Dhamma.
- To Live in Nibbana is Dhamma.
- To Give up Craving is Dhamma.
- To believe that all compound things are impermanent is Dhamma.
- To believe that Karma is the instrument of Moral Order is Dhamma.
2. What is not—Dhamma
- Belief in the Supernatural is Not—Dhamma.
- Belief in Ishwara (God) is Not Essentially Part of Dhamma.
- Dhamma Based on Union with Brahma is a False Dhamma.
- Belief in Soul is Not—Dhamma.
- Belief in Sacrifices is Not—Dhamma.
- Belief Based on Speculation is Not—-Dhamma.
- Reading Books of Dhamma is Not—Dhamma.
- Belief in the Infallibility of Books of Dhamma is Not— Dhamma.
3. What is Saddhamma
- The Functions of Saddhamma.
+ To cleanse the Mind of its impurities.
+ To make the world a Kingdom of Righteousness.
- Dhamma to be Saddhamma must promote Pradnya.
+ Dhamma is Saddhamma when it makes learning open to all.
+ Dhammais Saddhamma when it teaches that mere learning is not enough. It may lead to pedantry.
+ Dhamma is Saddhamma when it teaches that what is needed is Pradnya.
- Dhamma lo beSaddhamma must promote Maitri.
+ Dhamma is Saddhamma only when it teaches that mere Pradnya is not enough. It must be accompanied by Sila.
+ Dhamma is Saddhamma only when it teaches that besides Pradnya and Sila what is necessary is Karuna.
+Dhamma is Saddhamma only when it teaches that more than Karuna what is necessary is Maitri.
- Dhamma lo beSaddhamma must pull down all social barriers.
+ Dhamma to be Saddhamma must break down barriers between man and man.
+ Dhamma to be Saddhamma must teach that worth and not birth is the measure of man.
+ Dhamma to be Saddhamma must promote equality between man and man.)
ตามเพฑกร ธรรมคือ ความชอบธรรม ซึ่งหมายความว่า ขวาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างมนุษย์ในทุกสิ่งของชีวิต ถ้าคนอยู่คนเดียว เขาหรือเธอไม่จำเป็นธรรม อย่างไรก็ตาม เมื่อไม่มีสองคนอยู่ในความสัมพันธ์กับแต่ละอื่น ๆ พวกเขาต้องหาธรรม ไม่ว่าจะชอบ หรือไม่ ในคำอื่น ๆ สังคม รักษาเพฑกร ไม่รักษาตัวเอง โดยธรรม สังคมมีการเลือกทางเลือกที่สามอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง สังคมอาจเลือกไม่ให้มีธรรมใด เป็นเครื่องมือของรัฐบาล ซึ่งหมายความว่า สังคมเลือกถนนเพื่ออนาธิปไตย ประการที่สอง สังคมอาจเลือกตำรวจ คือ เผด็จการเป็นเครื่องมือของรัฐบาล ประการที่สาม สังคมอาจเลือกธรรมะบวกการปกครองทุกคนที่ล้มเหลวในการปฏิบัติธรรม เป็นเครื่องมือของรัฐบาล ในอนาธิปไตยและเผด็จการ เสรีภาพหายไป ลิเบอร์ตี้สามารถอยู่รอดได้เท่านั้นถ้าเรายอมรับทางเลือกสาม ดังนั้น สรุปเพฑกร ผู้ที่ต้องการเสรีภาพต้องรับธรรมะ ตามพุทธ ธรรมะประกอบด้วย prajna (ความเข้าใจ) และ karuna (ความรัก) ดังนั้น กล่าวว่า เพฑกร คำจำกัดความของธรรม พระพุทธเจ้า ตามจะแตกต่างจากนิยามของศาสนาIn his The Buddha and His Dhamma, Ambedkar has tried to make a distinction between religion and dhamma. According to him, the word “religion” is an ambiguous word with more than one meaning. This is so because religion has passed through many ages and the conception of religion, too, has changed accordingly. At early stage, religion was identified with magic. In the second stage, religion came to be identified with beliefs, rituals, ceremonies, prayers and sacrifices. In the third stage, God and soul entered religion. At present, says Ambedkar, religion means “belief in God, belief in soul, worship of God, curing of the erring soul, propitiating God by prayers, ceremonies, sacrifices, etc.” (Short answer: Ambedkar divided Dhamma into three general categories: Dhamma, Adhamma and Saddhamma. 1. What is dhamma ?- To Maintain Purity of Life is Dhamma.- To Reach Perfection in Life is Dhamma.- To Live in Nibbana is Dhamma.- To Give up Craving is Dhamma.- To believe that all compound things are impermanent is Dhamma.- To believe that Karma is the instrument of Moral Order is Dhamma. 2. What is not—Dhamma- Belief in the Supernatural is Not—Dhamma.- Belief in Ishwara (God) is Not Essentially Part of Dhamma.- Dhamma Based on Union with Brahma is a False Dhamma.- Belief in Soul is Not—Dhamma.- Belief in Sacrifices is Not—Dhamma.- Belief Based on Speculation is Not—-Dhamma.- Reading Books of Dhamma is Not—Dhamma.- Belief in the Infallibility of Books of Dhamma is Not— Dhamma.3. What is Saddhamma- The Functions of Saddhamma.+ To cleanse the Mind of its impurities.+ To make the world a Kingdom of Righteousness.- Dhamma to be Saddhamma must promote Pradnya.+ Dhamma is Saddhamma when it makes learning open to all.+ Dhammais Saddhamma when it teaches that mere learning is not enough. It may lead to pedantry.+ Dhamma is Saddhamma when it teaches that what is needed is Pradnya.- Dhamma lo beSaddhamma must promote Maitri.+ Dhamma is Saddhamma only when it teaches that mere Pradnya is not enough. It must be accompanied by Sila.+ Dhamma is Saddhamma only when it teaches that besides Pradnya and Sila what is necessary is Karuna.+Dhamma is Saddhamma only when it teaches that more than Karuna what is necessary is Maitri.- Dhamma lo beSaddhamma must pull down all social barriers.+ Dhamma to be Saddhamma must break down barriers between man and man.+ Dhamma to be Saddhamma must teach that worth and not birth is the measure of man.+ Dhamma to be Saddhamma must promote equality between man and man.)
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