no job analytic validation study was done in this case. instead, the psychologist recommended a procedure that only appeared, without evidence, to be relevant. to test the company is assertion that average or below average candidates are less likely to quit would have required the empirical demonstration of a negative relationship between the test score and turnover. since there was no empirical evidence to support this contention, and since the psychologist failed even to go to the literature to consider whether this issue had previously been addressed, the psychologist behaved in an inappropriate manner.