Non-fiction books very often have an “hourglass” structure that is repeated at several levels
of organization. More general (broader) information is typically presented at the beginnings
and ends of:
• the book or article as a whole (abstract, introduction, conclusion)
• each chapter
• each section within a chapter
• each paragraph
More specific (narrower) information (supporting evidence, details, etc.) then appears in the
middle of the hou