determined by three methods used in incidence and
prevalence studies (Armer and Stewart 2005; Disipio
et al. 2013; Hayes et al. 2008a):
1. clinician judgement, with the presence of one or
more symptom of oedema regardless of severity:
decreased visibility of veins, increased thickness of
skin and subcutis, fullness of tissues or smoothing of
natural limb contours, pitting oedema (Stanton et al.
2006);
2. at least 10 % ELV, as measured by the Perometer;
3. patient self-report.