bone mineral density (bmD) at anteroposterior (AP) lumbar spine (L1–L4), femur (femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, and trochanter) and forearm (total, ultra distal and 33% radius) was measured using the Prodigy oracle (Ge Lunar Corp., madison, WI) according to standard protocol. Quality control procedures were carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Instrument variation was determined regularly using a phantom supplied by the manufacturer and mean coefficient of variation was