Gender effects were not examined because this approach would have reduced the sample size dramatically and thus limited power. It is uncertain the degree to which we could extend these findings to young adults not attending college. We conceptualized participants as homogeneous groups and inevitably there may have been some within-group differences based on specific nationality. Furthermore, additional variables (e.g., acculturation) that were not included in this study could increase our ability to interpret findings. Finally, data were cross-sectional and causal relationships cannot be inferred from these findings.