Despite recent optimism about the validity of employment interviews, many questions about their effectiveness remain unanswered. For years, there have been significant concerns that interviewers may differ considerably in their accuracy, and the potential for bias always exists, since the interview relies so heavily on personal judgments. Exhibit 8-5 summarizes many of the problems that might limit the accuracy of a typical interview. Errors such as these have been the focus of many training programs for interviewers. Generally speaking, however, properly designed training programs do seem capable of reducing many of the errors found in traditional unstructured interviews. This appears to be especially true when the training is used in conjunction with a structured interview format. Training can provide managers with a better understanding of how to ask questions, how to properly record applicants responses, and to some extent how to aware of potential biases. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that when a trained interviewer takes behaviorally oriented notes during the interview, validity can be enhanced.