Since the Government of Vietnam desires to enhance biodiversity
in planted forests, government policy is required to achieve this since
private decision-making to optimize NPV at the household level will
not lead to the desired outcome at the societal level. This research
has shown how private owners may be affected financially when
biodiversity conservation is included. In addition, when carbon
sequestration services had market values, the optimal rotation age
was shorter compared to that when they had no values, reducing
the bird density. A higher carbon price did not support biodiversity
conservation since it shortened the optimal rotation age and
decreased the bird density in the forests. These results could help the
Government of Vietnam to formulate appropriate policies to achieve
national biodiversity objectives in planted forests. This could be done
via the provision of financial incentives to foresters to extend the rotation
length. Imposing a carbon tax at the time of harvesting could also