Benefits to plants from plant-PGPR interactions have been shown to include increases in seed germination rate, root
growth, yield, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, protein content, hydraulic activity, tolerance to abiotic stress, shoot and root weights, biocontrol, and delayed senescence (Mahaffee and Kloepper 1994; Raaijmakers et al. 1997; Bashan et al. 2004; Mantelin and Touraine 2004; Bakker et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2009).