x DELIVERY HOUR: it represents the hour of the first delivery, so the time from which the driver is
operative. In order to use this data in our analysis, we have calculated these values as the minutes
elapsed from the 6 in the morning. In particular, we expect that if the driver leaves the depot too late, he
has less time to complete pickup and delivery activities, since the operating window is shorter, as well as
the effective hours available to deliver services.
x STEM TIME: it indicates the difference expressed in minutes between the hour of the first delivery and the
exit of the driver from the warehouse. It is expected that a high stem time, negatively influences the
productivity of drivers because the driver spends more time to carry out the first delivery and
consequently there is smaller operating window, resulting in a lower number of stops.
x TIME WORK: it is the work time defined in minutes of the driver calculated as the difference between the
backing depot and the exit time. The higher the TIME WORK, the higher the opportunity to increase the
number of stops, obviously keeping fixed the upper limits that are the 8 hours of a normal workday.
x MASS: it is the mass (kg) of parcels, packages, documents loaded on the vehicle and intuitively, it is
expected that the higher this value, the lower the productivity of the driver because the number parcels
that can be effectively loaded is lower. In fact, usually parcels having huge mass are very bulky.
x MASS SATURATION: it shows the relation between the MASS and the load capacity of the vehicle. This
variable is recorded because it is useful for the company to understand if the vehicles are saturated or
not; the productivity is negatively affected by this variable.
x VOLUME: it indicates the volume (m3) of parcels that are loaded on a vehicle and obviously the lower the
VOLUME, the lower the productivity because the number of parcels that can be loaded decreases.
x KM TOT: it represents the number of kilometres performed by the driver during the day. It is calculated by
the system following the stop sequence made up during the day. The higher the kilometres, the higher
the number of stops because the driver will have more opportunities to meet more customers.
x KM EFFICIENCY: it is the relation between KM TOT and KM optimum, which are the optimal kilometres
computed by a software of the company based on the stops sequence of the driver. This indicator is
important because it allows to understand how the drivers perform their job. If KM EFFICIENCY is > 1,
the driver makes more kilometres and in turn productivity should increase.
x STOP FAILED DELIVERIES: this variable expresses the number of failed stops for the delivery activity.
Obviously, the higher its value, the lower the productivity.
x TOTAL SERVICES: they are the daily number of pickups and deliveries performed by the driver. As well
as, in this case it is expected easy that the higher the number of services assigned to a driver, the higher
his productivity.
x SERVICE LEVEL: it is calculated as the relation between the number of successful deliveries and the
assigned ones; hence the closer this value to one, the higher the productivity of the driver because he has
completed all the assigned deliveries.
x STOP DELIVERIES/STOP PICK UP: it shows the relation between the number of stops done for
deliveries and pickups. High values of this variable state for less stops for pickup activities and since
these ones are more time-consuming, we expect that the number of stops should increase.
x DEPOT AREA: this is the operative area (m2) of the depot. Hence, the bigger the depot, the higher the area
around it and consequently, the higher the opportunity for drivers to do more stops because probably
there are more potential customers (B2B or B2C).
x PARCELS/M2: it is the number of parcels managed by the depot divided by the depot area. So the higher
the number of parcels managed in the depot, the higher the number of stops because the area around the
depot is probably more productive and more exploitable.