2.2. Outcome Variables. In addressing the first objective, five
items from the questionnaire were used to determine outcome
measures, including three items adopted from the
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children
(ISAAC) [33]. Participants were asked if a doctor or health
professional ever told them that they have chronic bronchitis
or emphysema. A section related to the ISAAC questionnaire
asked participants if they ever had asthma, if they experiencedwheezing
orwhistling in the chest in the last 12months,
and if they had a dry cough at night, apart from a cough
associated with a cold or chest infection in the last 12 months
(see appendix).