Nitrogen level in the soil strongly affects yield and grain
quality. The current hypothesis is that yield is related to
the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil, which in turn
determines grain protein content (Perez et al. 1996).
Application of nitrogen fertilizer at different stages from
panicle initiation, heading, flowering to grain-filling
stages, all has been shown to strongly increase seed-storage
protein content (Nangju and De Datta 1970; Taira
1970; Seetanun and De Datta 1973; Nagarajah et al. 1975;
Vaughan et al. 1980; Perez et al. 1990, 1996; Souza et al.
1999; Leesawatwong et al. 2004, 2005), as well as to
improve protein content-related traits like the milled rice
rate, head rice rate (Wopereis-Pura et al. 2002; Leesawatwong
et al. 2005), and translucency (Perez et al. 1990,
1996). In addition, it was also reported that application
of nitrogen increased gel consistency and decreased amylose
content of rice kernels, while this treatment did not
significantly affect gelatinization temperature and protein
content, thus apparently genetic factors also play a role in
determining protein content in response to nitrogen fertilizer
(Bahmaniar and Ranjbar 2007). Besides nitrogen,
potassium is another essential fertilizing element for rice
production (Fageria et al. 1990a,b). The effects of potassium
on grain quality were not well understood till a
recent discovery showing that application of potassium
fertilizer increased gel consistency and grain protein content,
but had no significant effect on gelatinization temperature
and amylose content (Bahmaniar and Ranjbar
2007).
Nitrogen level in the soil strongly affects yield and grain
quality. The current hypothesis is that yield is related to
the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil, which in turn
determines grain protein content (Perez et al. 1996).
Application of nitrogen fertilizer at different stages from
panicle initiation, heading, flowering to grain-filling
stages, all has been shown to strongly increase seed-storage
protein content (Nangju and De Datta 1970; Taira
1970; Seetanun and De Datta 1973; Nagarajah et al. 1975;
Vaughan et al. 1980; Perez et al. 1990, 1996; Souza et al.
1999; Leesawatwong et al. 2004, 2005), as well as to
improve protein content-related traits like the milled rice
rate, head rice rate (Wopereis-Pura et al. 2002; Leesawatwong
et al. 2005), and translucency (Perez et al. 1990,
1996). In addition, it was also reported that application
of nitrogen increased gel consistency and decreased amylose
content of rice kernels, while this treatment did not
significantly affect gelatinization temperature and protein
content, thus apparently genetic factors also play a role in
determining protein content in response to nitrogen fertilizer
(Bahmaniar and Ranjbar 2007). Besides nitrogen,
potassium is another essential fertilizing element for rice
production (Fageria et al. 1990a,b). The effects of potassium
on grain quality were not well understood till a
recent discovery showing that application of potassium
fertilizer increased gel consistency and grain protein content,
but had no significant effect on gelatinization temperature
and amylose content (Bahmaniar and Ranjbar
2007).
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