An improved understanding of the political economy of successful policy reform and implementation will probably require continued and extensive interactions between political scientists,sociologists,and economists,each of whom have valuable insights to contribute from their research. in the process,more will have to be done to base theory on the experiences of the governments of developing countries,which in many cases will be struggling with the early stages of democratization and expanding avenues for development participation,with higher levels of conflict and in some cases an ongoing threat of return to military government or other autocratic rule. As Merilee Grindle has notes,further progress in this field will require moving beyond political-economy models that were developed primarily to study political processes in advanced economies with stable democratic traditions