As the self emerges, the infant also develops a need for what Rogers called positive regard. This need is probably learned, although Rogers believed that its source is irrelevant. Whether innate or learned, the need for positive regard is persistent and is found in all human beings. Positive regard includes acceptance, love, and approval from other people, notably the mother during infancy. It is satisfying to receive positive regard and frustrating not to receive it or to have it withdrawn. Indeed, it is critical to the infant, whose behavior is guided by the extent to which this affection and love are received.