Next we provide, a summary and some examples of and.Explanations for formal and informal feedback within each.Of the three analytical dimensions based on our field work.The examples extend from one dimension, to another i.e.They are not intended to be regarded as mutually exclusive.Categories in any strict sense. Not only does this discussion.Further elaborate on the findings from our, case studyBut it also serves as a "test of the workability of the."Three dimensions developed at the outset of our analysis.Fig. 2 illustrates the major outcome and contribution of our.Research.The source dimension distinguishes formal and informal.Feedback along pathways through which feedback.Flows. According to the widely used distinction in the.Existing management, accounting literature accounting.Information systems and interpersonal communication are.Used to illustrate formal and informal feedback practices.In organisations. Similarly Luckett and, Eggleton, (1991 P.376) argue that accounting information usually comes. "From either a formal reporting system or a supervisor ".System-based feedback is bound to and originates from.Accounting and other information systems. For example in,,Division Steelco performance data are codified in explicit.Forms into global SAP-systems which can, be accessed by.Those with appropriate rights to retrieve reports. In openbased.CRM databases feedback can be stored retrieved,,,And used more widely in the organisation.6 System-based.Feedback which is, given in an objective form can be,,Turned into unified feedback practices throughout different.Units and divisions facilitating behaviour towards common.Goals. However even system-based, feedback is not, all formalAnd needs to be communicated and interpreted by its.Users.Interpersonal feedback given and received between people.Is more subjective and tacit. Examples of feedback.Practices which involve, interpersonal feedback are management,,Group or team meetings performance appraisal,,Interviews and ad, hoc communication, between superiorsSubordinates and, peers. Interpersonal feedback allows.The observing of a broader scale of, feedback loops such.As non-verbal communication (gestures facial expressions,,And body language). On the other hand feedback communicated,,Only in human interaction is bound to certain.Managers and local contexts and thus, it easily produces.Patches of information and disparate practices.The time dimension considers formal and informal feedback.In relation to when certain flows of feedback operate.Regular feedback is based on procedures for providing feedback.Systematically in certain time periods. In the forms of.Pre-defined measures and standards it gives, comparable.Time series and enables managers to follow trends and analyse.Changes in performance. For example monthly reports,,Include certain standardised indicators and themes that are.Followed month after month. In addition customer satisfaction,,Surveys produce comparable results year after year.However sometimes regular, reports come too late to be.Able to provide relevant feedback for managers - they are.Yesterday 's news.Nevertheless much of, the feedback in organisations.Is irregular, and instant i.e. Unplanned and spontaneous:Communication that just emerges in the moment.Instant practices allow faster responses to changes and.
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