IV. CHLORIDE ATTACK
Concrete exposed to sea water will suffer deterioration due to
attack of dissolved chemicals on the products of hydration,
there by crystalisation of salts within the concrete under the
alternate conditions of wetting and drying, frost actions,
mechanical attrition and impact by waves and corrosion of
reinforcement embedded in it. It is inferred that the presence of
chlorides in water may have retarded the swelling of concrete
and it is also found that concrete has lost some part of the lime
content due to leaching action which leads to increase in
porosity inside the concrete.
V. SULPHATE ATTACK