Paintings or sculptures of the human form - a sort of sub-category of representational art - are also sometimes referred to as "figurative art". Expressionist versions of human forms (such as those by the contemporary Columbian painter Fernando Botero) may be termed "neo-figurative".
Observation Versus Interpretation
Another way of appreciating the difference between representational and non-representational art is to see things from the viewpoint of the artist. Representational painters typically act as observers and try to reproduce what they see. Of course, they do 'interpret' what they see - hence no two painters will paint a scene in identical fashion - but their primary aim is to observe and reproduce the object(s) in front of them. Thus, for example, plein-air painting - an approach popularized by 19th century Impressionists - is almost always representational.
The Little Street (c.1657)
By Jan Vermeer.
In contrast, non-representational painters have a different focus. Their aim is to create a more 'intellectual' image: one that is not directly associated with any recognizable object and which, as a result, must be interpreted. This non-representational approach is aptly illustrated by the 20th century abstract movement, as in the works of Piet Mondrian (1872-1944), Mark Rothko (1903-70) and Sean Scully (b.1945), whose paintings lack any objective meaning and must therefore be interpreted entirely by the spectator. In contrast, see the 20th century realistic genre-painting of Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
Paintings or sculptures of the human form - a sort of sub-category of representational art - are also sometimes referred to as "figurative art". Expressionist versions of human forms (such as those by the contemporary Columbian painter Fernando Botero) may be termed "neo-figurative".
Observation Versus Interpretation
Another way of appreciating the difference between representational and non-representational art is to see things from the viewpoint of the artist. Representational painters typically act as observers and try to reproduce what they see. Of course, they do 'interpret' what they see - hence no two painters will paint a scene in identical fashion - but their primary aim is to observe and reproduce the object(s) in front of them. Thus, for example, plein-air painting - an approach popularized by 19th century Impressionists - is almost always representational.
The Little Street (c.1657)
By Jan Vermeer.
In contrast, non-representational painters have a different focus. Their aim is to create a more 'intellectual' image: one that is not directly associated with any recognizable object and which, as a result, must be interpreted. This non-representational approach is aptly illustrated by the 20th century abstract movement, as in the works of Piet Mondrian (1872-1944), Mark Rothko (1903-70) and Sean Scully (b.1945), whose paintings lack any objective meaning and must therefore be interpreted entirely by the spectator. In contrast, see the 20th century realistic genre-painting of Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
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