On these occasions, public managers invite citizens to contribute
their ideas and share decision-making authority. At its most extensive,
this involvement engages citizens in formulating plans and
proposals from the outset of an issue arising, as in the Dutch case,
in which city officials brought residents on board before developing
any plans for the devastated area. In other cases, public involvement
finds managers consulting with the public, seeking ideas, but reserving
the prerogative to decide.