Modulation - The process of moving from one key to another. There must be a distinct aural shift
from the original key to some other key center. A modulation consists of three parts: (1) a tonality
is confirmed, (2) the tonal center changes, (3) a new tonality is confirmed by a cadence in that
tonality. The new key must be stated sufficiently enough for the modulation to occur. If the
modulation only appears in the middle of a phrase it may be termed a "transient" modulation. That
is, if a phrase begins in one key, modulates briefly to another key, but then cadences in either the
original key or a key other than the key of the middle section, it is a transient modulation. If only
one or two chords are involved, for example a secondary function, the modulation should be called
a "tonicalization.