Conclusions
Thus to prepare a blend of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethnaol, anhydrous ethanol or ethanol with a concentration of ≥99% must be used and its amount in the blend should be kept as low as possible. The best results can be obtained from the blend containing 5% ethanol or less than that. And the amount of biodiesel should be determined according to its quality. The use of this ternary blend in diesel engine increases the BSFC but it also decreases the most important concern of diesel engine which is the PM in the exhaust. Beside PM, soot, smoke and HC emissions are also reduced greatly, although these reductions depend on the operating conditions of the engines. The other important emissions CO, CO2 and the unregulated emissions; especially the carbonyl compounds remain almost the same to the diesel fuel exhaust. But another very important emission from the diesel engine which is NOx and its emission from burning this ternary blend are not satisfactory. Although some of the researchers have identified in its reduction, but most of the results from various investigators and scientists are showing its increase by burning this ternary blend. But this increase in NOx emission can be controlled by appropriate catalyst assembly. It is very difficult to reduce the NOx emission and the PM emission at the same time because of the properties of diffusion combustion. Although using this blend increases BSFC, it can also replace a major portion of the fossil diesel. So, as the other important properties of this ternary blend of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol/bioethnaol are quite the same as diesel fuel and its emission characteristics meets the stringent energy regulations so it can be used as a fuel in the diesel engine successfully. But before using this ternary blend its compatibility to the materials of the fuel system of the engine must be investigated exhaustively.